ä, ö, ü and ß

Four letters English doesn’t have. When spelling, say:

• ä — “A-Umlaut”
• ö — “O-Umlaut”
• ü — “U-Umlaut”
• ß — “Eszett” (or “scharfes S”)

If you cannot enter these characters, ae, oe, ue and ss are common replacements. Follow the spelling requested on a form. When copying an existing email address, keep every character exactly as given; changing it can produce a different address.